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| Measurements of the weight of the snow should be made by sampling each layer thick enough to accommodate the corer, which is a cylinder of known lenghth and inside diameter. The density of thin hard crusts need not be measured provided their hardness has been measured. Water Equivalent Measurements of Snow and Ice (this includes density and thickness measurements) are required. Layers of snow and ice are differentiated on the basis of color (often associated with impurities), compactness, hardness, clarity, or any other obvious property. The measurements begin by weighing a known volume of snow.
OBTAINING A CORE: Cut a core by pushing and rotating the snow corer gently into the layer. There must be no voids in the core. To avoid loss of part of the core on removal from the snow layer, use a spatula or plastic card to cut the snow along the cutting edge of the corer while it is still in the snow layer. Remove the corer and trim the ends so that the core is flush with the corer. DETERMINE CORE WEIGHT: There are numerous ways to determine the weight of the known volume of snow. The easiest method is to weigh the corer empty and then weigh the corer with snow and the difference is the actual snow weight. DETERMINE SNOW DENSITY: Calculate snow density by dividing weight of core (g) by the corer volume. Using the equations below to determine Snow Density, Snow Water Equivalent (SWE):
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